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It also exerted some influence on Arabic, particularly Iraqi Arabic and Khuzestani Arabic Persian has had a considerable, mainly lexical influence on neighboring languages, particularly the Turkic languages in Central Asia, Caucasus, and Anatolia, neighboring Iranian languages, as well as Armenian, and Indo-Aryan languages, especially Urdu. Persian is used as a liturgical language of Islam in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. For centuries Persian has also been a prestigious cultural language in Central Asia, South Asia, and Western Asia. There are approximately 110 million Persian speakers worldwide, with the language holding official status in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. Persian is a pluricentric language and its grammar is similar to that of many contemporary European languages

The Persian language is classified as a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of Sassanid Persia, itself a continuation of Old Persian, the language of the Persian Empire in the Achaemenid era. It is primarily spoken in Iran (Persia) (locally referred to as Farsi or Parsi), Afghanistan (officially known as "Dari Persian" since 1958 for political reasons), Tajikistan (officially known as "Tajik" since the Soviet era), and other countries which historically came under Persian influence. Persian (Persian: فارسی Fārsi ) is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages.